Cross-Cultural Psychometric Analysis of the Mature Happiness Scale-Revised: Mature Happiness, Psychological Inflexibility, and the PERMA Model

• DOI: 10.1007/s10902-023-00633-7
• Publication Date: 2023-02-16T08:02:51Z
• Authors: David F. Carreno; Nikolett Eisenbeck; James Greville; Paul T. P. Wong
• Keywords: Positive Psychology

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Mature Happiness Scale, a measure focused on inner harmony. happiness is achieved when person can live in balance between both positive and negative aspects their life. A total sample 2,130 participants from five countries (Canada: n = 390, United States: 223, Kingdom: 512, Spain: 724, Hungary: 281) responded an online survey including original PERMA-Profiler, Acceptance Action Questionnaire-II. Exploratory confirmatory factor analyses yielded one-factor solution with seven items (non-reversed). We called this new version questionnaire Scale-Revised (MHS-R). Measurement invariance was found across countries, age groups, gender, mental disorder diagnosis. Internal consistency test-retest reliability were high. Older people, males, people without diagnosis scored higher mature than younger ones, females, those health diagnosis, respectively. showed strong associations various subscales specifically emotions meaning In addition, strongly correlated less affect conflict lower psychological inflexibility, whereas it moderately loneliness. This validity evidence supports cross-cultural use MHS-R aforementioned reliably among adults. With its holistic approach, may be unique complement other well-being measures, particularly better predict problems.