Adsorption of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Edible Nutraceutical-Amended Montmorillonite Clays: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Enterosorption Strategies

• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-025-07930-2
• Publication Date: 2025-04-05T17:04:09Z
• Authors: Johnson O. Oladele; Xenophon Xenophontos; Meichen Wang; Phanourios Tamamis; Timothy D. Phillips

Abstract Exposure of animals and humans to PFAS through contaminated water foods pose significant threats public health. To tackle this challenge, study aimed develop edible clays that might enhance the binding, detoxification, elimination in gastrointestinal tract. Montmorillonite (CM) were amended with caffeine (CMCAF), curcumin (CMCUR), riboflavin (CMRIB), binding efficacy for a mixture four (PFOS, GenX, PFOA PFBS) was determined. In vitro studies used explore adsorption isotherms while computational simulations investigate mixture, delineate contribution each molecule determine if can contribute enhanced different mixture. vivo models ( Lemna minor Hydra vulgaris ) validate silico establish safety effectiveness these clays. The resulting Q max K d values along curved shape Langmuir plot indicated saturable PFOS active surfaces CM All three demonstrated slightly higher capacity GenX than parent clay. Furthermore, elucidated as well predicting how mechanisms proof-of-concept established Caenorhabditis elegans, , where (at 1% w/v inclusion) protected against toxicities controls. This protection could be attributed biological activities nutraceuticals (caffeine, riboflavin, curcumin) including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory modulatory which mitigate oxidative stress inflammatory effects PFAS. These toxin binders may delivered mixtures additives flavored drinking food decrease exposure.