Role of cation structure in the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids: growth inhibition and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish

• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9439-x
• Publication Date: 2017-06-22T17:17:27Z
• Authors: Robert Biczak; Barbara Pawłowska; Arkadiusz Telesiński; Janusz Kapuśniak
• Keywords: Malondialdehyde; Phytotoxicity; Hexafluorophosphate

The present study determines the influence of three ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations with diversified structure on growth and development spring barley seedlings common radish leaves. Increasing amounts 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium [Piper][PF6], 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium [Pyrid][PF6] were added to soil which both plants cultivated. results this studies showed that applied ILs highly toxic for plants, demonstrated by inhibition length plant shoots roots, decrease fresh mass, increase dry weight content. Common turned out be higher resistance used ILs. differences in cation did not phytotoxity barley. Furthermore, all led a photosynthetic pigments, was directly followed decreased primary production plants. Oxidative stress occurred due presence soil, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, changes H2O2 level, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD). chlorophyll contents POD activity most significant oxidative biomarkers radish. Both exposed accumulated large amount fluoride ion.