Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) Across China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Iran: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Measurement Invariance, and Network Analysis

• DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01154-3
• Publication Date: 2023-09-14T15:17:08Z
• Authors: Li Li; I-Hua Chen; Mohammed A. Mamun; Firoj al Mamun; Irfan Ullah; Ismail Hosen; Najma Iqbal Malik; Abiha Fatima; Ali Poorebrahim; Morteza Pourgholami; Marc N. Potenza; Chung-Ying Lin; Amir H. Pakpour
• Keywords: Measurement Invariance; Worry

Abstract The popularity and advancement of smartphones generate a new phenomenon smartphone addiction. To promote early identification individuals at risk addiction, healthcare providers could assess if an individual has nomophobia (i.e., anxiety worry having no hand). present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) across four countries: China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran. Via cross-sectional design convenience sampling, 7871 participants (5969 Chinese, 534 Bangladeshi, 666 Pakistani, 702 Iranian) completed NMP-Q. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) network were used examine NMP-Q countries. CFA identified four-factor structure (Tucker-Lewis index = 0.934, comparative fit 0.943, standardized root mean square residual 0.037, error approximation 0.079) for NMP-Q, was measurement invariant genders Network results supported findings via visualized correlations among items. consistently found in countries Iran, indicating that includes specific domains. Measurement invariance suggests may effectively