Impact of passive smoking on uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery blood flows
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Middle Cerebral Artery
Fetal middle cerebral artery
Ultrasonography, Doppler
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Umbilical Arteries
3. Good health
Doppler ultrasonography
Uterine Artery
03 medical and health sciences
Umbilical artery
Fetus
0302 clinical medicine
Uterine artery
Pregnancy
Regional Blood Flow
Passive maternal smoking
Humans
Female
Placental Circulation
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
Blood Flow Velocity
DOI:
10.1007/s11604-011-0622-6
Publication Date:
2011-10-18T06:41:59Z
AUTHORS (7)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of passive maternal smoking on blood flow velocities in arteries of the fetal-placental-maternal circulation.A total of 79 pregnant women in their third trimester, including 33 passive smokers, 23 active smokers, and 23 nonsmoking controls, were enrolled in the study. Fetal biophysical indices were evaluated with B-mode scanning, whereas blood flow waveforms of uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral (MCA) arteries were analyzed with Doppler ultrasonography.There were significant differences among active smokers vs. passive smokers vs. controls with regard to the presence of a uterine artery diastolic notch (39.1% vs. 18.2% vs. 4.3%; P = 0.012); ratio of peak systolic/end-diastolic velocity of fetal MCA [3.73 ± 1.27 vs. 4.26 ± 1.20 vs. 5.00 ± 2.15, analysis of variance (ANOVA) P = 0.026]; resistance index of fetal MCA (0.74 ± 0.08 vs. 0.75 ± 0.07 vs. 0.80 ± 0.09; ANOVA P = 0.014); ratio of fetal MCA/umbilical artery resistance index (1.27 ± 0.20 vs. 1.24 ± 0.14 vs. 1.39 ± 0.21; ANOVA P = 0.011); and ratio of fetal MCA/umbilical artery pulsatility index (1.56 ± 0.44 vs. 1.63 ± 0.43 vs. 1.97 ± 0.54; ANOVA P = 0.046).Effects of passive maternal smoking on the fetal-placental-maternal unit were comparable to those with active maternal smoking as determined by the means of increased resistance in the maternal vasculature and adaptive changes of cerebroplacental circulation for maintaining fetal cerebral circulation.
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