ORF, an operational framework to measure resilience in social–ecological systems: the forest case study

• DOI: 10.1007/s11625-024-01518-1
• Publication Date: 2024-05-21T12:02:54Z
• Authors: Francisco Lloret; Pilar Hurtado; Josep Maria Espelta; Luciana Jaime; Laura Nikinmaa; Marcus Lindner; Jordi Martínez-Vi...
• Keywords: Resilience; Ecological systems theory

Abstract Resilience is commonly addressed when dealing with the sustainable planning and management of social–ecological systems, but we lack a unified framework for its quantitative assessment application. We present an operational resilience (ORF) based on recognizing relating several elements: system variables (e.g., ecosystem services), disturbances stressors acting at given spatiotemporal scales, reference state, metrics comparing observed to state. These elements fit into rationale aimed identifying predictors suitable be managed co-drivers which describe non-manageable context, reflecting mechanisms involved in resilience. By systematic search presence ORF concepts 453 empirical studies assessing resilience, corroborate that can applied forest systems. This literature survey shows are recognized, although logical narrative them not always explicit, particularly socioeconomic-focused studies. advocate proposed allows standardize terminology frame measure allowing sounder comparisons better-supported recommendations improvement