Meropenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients: efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam as a 1-h drip infusion four times a day

• DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03031-4
• Publication Date: 2020-11-10T10:02:52Z
• Authors: Ryoji Kobayashi; Hirozumi Sano; Satoru Matsushima; Daiki Hori; Masato Yanagi; Koya Kodama; Daisuke Suzuki; Kunihiko Kobayashi
• Keywords: Adult; Adolescent; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Body Weight; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infant, Newborn; Historically Controlled Study; Infant; Bacteremia; Meropenem; Drug Administration Schedule; Anti-Bacterial Agents; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; 0302 clinical medicine; Child, Preschool; Neoplasms; Humans; Drug Therapy, Combination; Child; Infusions, Intravenous; Febrile Neutropenia

Although survival of children with hematological diseases and cancer has increased dramatically, febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequently observed complication and is sometimes life-threatening in pediatric cancer patients. A prospective, randomized study was performed to clarify the usefulness of meropenem (MEPM) and piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) for pediatric patients with FN. Ninety-nine patients with 394 episodes were randomly assigned to receive MEPM or PIPC/TAZ. MEPM was administered at 120 mg/kg/day as a 1-h drip infusion 3 times a day. On the other hand, PIPC/TAZ was administered at 360 mg/kg/day as a 1-h drip infusion 4 times a day. MEPM was effective in 69.5% of the 200 episodes, and PIPC/TAZ was effective in 77.2% of the 193 episodes. Compared with our previous study of MEPM 120 mg/kg/day as a 1-h drip infusion 3 times a day versus PIPC/TAZ 337.5 mg/kg/day as a 1-h drip infusion 3 times a day, the success rate of the MEPM group was not different. However, the success rate of the PIPC/TAZ group was higher than in the previous study (p = 0.001). In particular, the success rate in patients ≥ 15 years of age was improved in the PIPC/TAZ group of the present study compared with the previous study (p = 0.005).