Penicillin skin testing in hospitalized patients with β-lactam allergies

• DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.04.021
• Publication Date: 2016-05-21T07:10:14Z
• Authors: Esther A. King; Sridevi Challa; Patrick Curtin; Leonard Bielory
• Keywords: Adult; Male; Inpatients; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Penicillins; Middle Aged; beta-Lactams; Drug Costs; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Workflow; 3. Good health; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hospitalization; 03 medical and health sciences; Phenotype; 0302 clinical medicine; Humans; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Skin Tests

A history of a penicillin allergy generally leads to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that may increase complications and cost.To determine the cost-effectiveness of performing penicillin skin testing (PST).A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult inpatients with a β-lactam allergy who underwent PST and oral challenge performed by an allergist. The primary outcome was overall antibiotic cost savings for patients switched to a β-lactam antibiotic (BLA). Secondary outcomes included subsequent admissions that required antibiotics and total number of days a BLA was prescribed.Fifty patients had PST performed (mean age, 62 years). The most common β-lactam allergy reported was penicillin (92%). Cutaneous reactions were reported in 54% of patients, and 56% had a reaction more than 20 years ago. Fifty percent of patients had aztreonam prescribed before PST. The results of PST were negative in all patients, and 1 patient had anaphylactic symptoms during the oral amoxicillin challenge (98% skin test or oral challenge negative). Thirty-seven patients (75.5%) were changed to a BLA. Overall cost savings were $11,005 ($297 per patient switched to a BLA). There were 31 subsequent admissions that required antibiotics for patients who tested negative on skin test and oral challenge. A BLA was prescribed in 22 of 31 readmissions, totaling 147 days of BLA therapy.After the implementation of a PST protocol, we observed a decrease in non-BLA use in patients with previously documented β-lactam allergy. PST is a safe and cost-effective procedure to serve as a negative predictor test for penicillin hypersensitivity mediated by IgE.