Critical review of FDM 3D printing of PLA biocomposites filled with biomass resources, characterization, biodegradability, upcycling and opportunities for biorefineries

• DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101078
• Publication Date: 2021-06-09T17:29:38Z
• Authors: Samarthya Bhagia; Kamlesh Bornani; Ruchi Agrawal; Alok Satlewal; Jaroslav Ďurkovič; Rastislav Lagaňa; Meher Bhagia; Chang Geun Yoo; Xianhui Zhao; Vlastimil Kunc; Yunqiao Pu; Soydan Ozcan; Arthur J. Ragauskas
• Keywords: Polylactic Acid; Fused Deposition Modeling; Characterization; Hemicellulose; Nanocellulose; Biocomposite; Wood flour

3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an advanced additive manufacturing technology for making thermoplastic-based structures. Several studies have recently investigated of polylactic acid (PLA) with biomass resources like cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and whole biomass. Such biodegradable composites are better the environment can be used to replace non-biodegradable in a variety applications. Therefore, deep understanding such biocomposites needed supporting manufacturing. Recent developments focused on FDM PLA filled been critically reviewed reveal intricate aspects materials characterization changes caused biomass-based fillers. Properties high molecular weight PLA, essentials conditions filament extrusion discussed. Characterization results from mechanical testing, thermal analysis, viscoelastic properties, imaging spectroscopy impact filling printing. The latter sections discuss applications, upcycling & recycling future opportunities biorefineries.