NF-κB contributes to 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis of nigral dopaminergic neurons through p53

• DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.130
• Publication Date: 2007-02-08T07:07:17Z
• Authors: Zhong-Qin Liang; Yun-Lin Li; Xi-Lin Zhao; Rong Han; Xiao-Xia Wang; Yumei Wang; Thomas N. Chase; M. Catherine Bennett; Zheng-Hong Qin
• Keywords: Male; Neurons; 0301 basic medicine; Dopamine; Neurotoxins; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; NF-kappa B; Apoptosis; DNA Fragmentation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substantia Nigra; Oxidative Stress; 03 medical and health sciences; Parkinsonian Disorders; Nerve Degeneration; Sympatholytics; Animals; Benzothiazoles; Oxidopamine; Peptides; Signal Transduction

To evaluate the contribution of NF-kappaB and the NF-kappaB target gene p53 to nigral dopaminergic neuron degeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease, time-course of dopaminergic neuron loss as well as changes in the expression of some NF-kappaB-regulated proapoptotic proteins were assayed after unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine into rat medial forebrain bundle. Substantial loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in nigral was observed 24 h after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. The degenerative processes began 12 h after 6-hydroxydopamine administration as evidenced by a positive silver staining. Apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons was suggested by the appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei in substantia nigra and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation as detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. NF-kappaB activation in dopaminergic neurons as revealed by immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis mobility shift assay, began at 12 h after 6-hydroxydopamine administration. Levels of c-Myc and p53 immunoreactivities increased after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, mainly in dopaminergic neurons as indicated by co-localization with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Blockade of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation with recombinant cell-permeable peptide NF-kappaB SN50 inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and p53 induction. SN50 and the p53 antagonist pifithrin-alpha significantly reduced nigral dopaminergic neuron degeneration. These results suggest that NF-kappaB activation contributes, at least in part, to oxidative stress-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through a NF-kappaB-dependent p53-signaling pathway.