3-Way hybrid analysis using clinical and magnetic resonance imaging for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

• DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149021
• Publication Date: 2024-05-27T23:00:32Z
• Authors: Farhatullah; Xin Chen; Deze Zeng; Atif Mehmood; Rizwan Khan; Farah Shahid; Mostafa M. Ibrahim
• Keywords: Male; Aged, 80 and over; Early Diagnosis; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Brain; Female; Electroencephalography; Cognitive Dysfunction; Middle Aged; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Algorithms; Aged

Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment and ultimately death. To select the most effective treatment options, it is crucial to diagnose and classify the disease early, as current treatments can only delay its progression. However, previous research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has had limitations, such as inaccuracies and reliance on a small, unbalanced binary dataset. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the early stages of AD using three multiclass datasets: OASIS, EEG, and ADNI MRI. The research consisted of three phases: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification using hybrid learning techniques. For the OASIS and ADNI MRI datasets, we computed the mean RGB value and used an averaging filter to enhance the images. We balanced and augmented the dataset to increase its size. In the case of the EEG dataset, we applied a band-pass filter for digital filtering to reduce noise and also balanced the dataset using random oversampling. To extract and classify features, we utilized a hybrid technique consisting of four algorithms: AlexNet-MLP, AlexNet-ETC, AlexNet-AdaBoost, and AlexNet-NB. The results showed that the AlexNet-ETC hybrid algorithm achieved the highest accuracy rate of 95.32% for the OASIS dataset. In the case of the EEG dataset, the AlexNet-MLP hybrid algorithm outperformed other approaches with the highest accuracy of 97.71%. For the ADNI MRI dataset, the AlexNet-MLP hybrid algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 92.59%. Comparing these results with the current state of the art demonstrates the effectiveness of our findings.