Optimal sizing of country-scale renewable energy systems towards green transportation sector in developing countries

• DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102442
• Publication Date: 2022-09-20T02:47:44Z
• Authors: Loiy Al-Ghussain; Adnan Darwish Ahmad; Ahmad M. Abubaker; Mohamed A. Mohamed; Muhammed A. Hassan; Nelson K. Akafuah
• Keywords: Penetration (warfare)

In the context of refining countries' transition plans toward 100% shares renewable systems in electric power grids by 2050, this study aims to investigate, for first time, potential covering increasing energy demand vehicles (EVs) using previously planned hybrid system (RES) Jordan, which comprised wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), and battery storage (ESS). The optimal RES sizing is revisited examine influence EV penetration percentages charging rates (normal, medium, fast) optimize periods reduce capacity. results showed that typical nighttime relatively smaller penetrations, capacity remains same, but size ESS must be increased up 16.67% 25% penetration. As increases, required drops slightly, increases 24.53% Optimal were found during morning hours (6:00 9:00 a.m.). Adopting these early compared 0% EV, remained nearly except percentages. However, penetration, increase ranged from 24.5% fast 50.01% normal charging. For lower percentages, three modes resulted comparable capacities RES. percentage 100%, mode considerably (by 17.0%) same