White and Amber Light at Night Disrupt Sleep Physiology in Birds
Male
0301 basic medicine
0303 health sciences
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Light
Color
Genetics and Molecular Biology
1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Circadian Rhythm
FOS: Psychology
Biological sciences
03 medical and health sciences
1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
FOS: Biological sciences
General Biochemistry
11. Sustainability
570 Life sciences; biology
Animals
Psychology
Female
Passeriformes
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Sleep
Zoology
10194 Institute of Neuroinformatics
DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.085
Publication Date:
2020-07-23T14:49:15Z
AUTHORS (8)
ABSTRACT
Artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1–4] and other animals [5–10]. A key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11]. To minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. Switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12]. However, whether these two colors of light affect sleep similarly in different animals remains poorly understood. Here we show, by measuring brain activity, that both white and amber lighting disrupt sleep in birds but that the magnitude of these effects differs between species. When experimentally exposed to light at night at intensities typical of urban areas, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and wild-caught Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen tyrannica) slept less, favored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep over REM sleep, slept less intensely, and had more fragmented sleep compared to when lights were switched off. In pigeons, these disruptive effects on sleep were similar for white and amber lighting. For magpies, however, amber light had less impact on sleep. Our results demonstrate that amber lighting can minimize sleep disruption in some birds but that this benefit may not be universal. Video Abstract: [Figure presented] Aulsebrook, Connelly et al. show that birds exposed to urban intensities of artificial light at night sleep less, sleep less intensely, and have more fragmented sleep. For pigeons, white (blue-rich) and amber (blue-reduced) lighting have similar impacts. However, sleep in Australian magpies is more disrupted by white than amber light.
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