Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.016
• Publication Date: 2021-08-27T14:34:45Z
• Authors: Vincent Careau; Lewis G. Halsey; Herman Pontzer; Philip N. Ainslie; Lene F. Andersen; Liam J. Anderson; Lenore Arab; Issad Baddou; Kweku Bedu-Addo; Ellen E. Blaak; Stephane Blanc; Alberto G. Bonomi; Carlijn V.C. Bouten; Maciej S. Buchowski; Nancy F. Butte; Stefan G.J.A. Camps; Graeme L. Close; Jamie A. Cooper; Sai Krupa Das; Richard Cooper; Lara R. Dugas; Simon D. Eaton; Ulf Ekelund; Sonja Entringer; Terrence Forrester; Barry W. Fudge; Annelies H. Goris; Michael Gurven; Catherine Hambly; Asmaa El Hamdouchi; Marije B. Hoos; Sumei Hu; Noorjehan Joonas; Annemiek M. Joosen; Peter Katzmarzyk; Kitty P. Kempen; Misaka Kimura; William E. Kraus; Robert F. Kushner; Estelle V. Lambert; William R. Leonard; Nader Lessan; Corby K. Martin; Anine C. Medin; Erwin P. Meijer; James C. Morehen; James P. Morton; Marian L. Neuhouser; Theresa A. Nicklas; Robert M. Ojiambo; Kirsi H. Pietiläinen; Yannis P. Pitsiladis; Jacob Plange-Rhule; Guy Plasqui; Ross L. Prentice; Roberto A. Rabino...; Susan B. Racette; David A. Raichlen; Eric Ravussin; John J. Reilly; Rebecca M. Reynolds; Susan B. Roberts; Albertine J. Schuit; Anders M. Sjödin; Eric Stice; Samuel S. Urlacher; Giulio Valenti; Ludo M. Van Etten; Edgar A. Van Mil; Jonathan C.K. Wells; George Wilson; Brian M. Wood; Jack Yanovski; Tsukasa Yoshida; Xueying Zhang; Alexia J. Murphy-...; Cornelia U. Loechl; Amy H. Luke; Jennifer Rood; Hiroyuki Sagayama; Dale A. Schoeller; William W. Wong; Yosuke Yamada; John R. Speakman
• Keywords: Calorie; Doubly labeled water

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels may bring diminishing returns in expenditure because compensatory responses non-activity expenditures.1Pontzer H. Durazo-Arvizu R. Dugas L.R. Plange-Rhule J. Bovet P. Forrester T.E. Lambert E.V. Cooper R.S. Schoeller D.A. Luke A. Constrained total and metabolic adaptation to physical adult humans.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 410-417Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar, 2Halsey L.G. The mystery compensation.arXiv. 2021; (arXiv:2107.13418)https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13418Google 3Halsey Green J.A. Twiss S.D. Arnold W. Burthe S.J. Butler P.J. Cooke Grémillet D. Ruf T. Hicks O. Flexibility, variability constraint management patterns across vertebrate taxa revealed by long-term heart rate measurements.Funct. Ecol. 2019; 33: 260-272Crossref (23) Scholar This suggestion has profound implications for both evolution metabolism human health. It implies that a increase does not directly translate into an (TEE) other components TEE decrease response—energy compensation. We used largest dataset compiled basal (BEE) (n = 1,754) people living normal lives find compensation typical averages 28% due reduced BEE; this suggests only 72% extra calories we burn from additional translates burned day. Moreover, degree varied considerably between different body compositions. association adiposity could be among-individual differences compensation: who compensate more likely accumulate fat. Alternatively, process might occur within individuals: as get fatter, our strongly during activity, making losing fat progressively difficult. Determining causality relationship will key improving public health strategies regarding obesity.