Regulation of REM sleep by inhibitory neurons in the dorsomedial medulla
Mammals
0301 basic medicine
Mice
0303 health sciences
03 medical and health sciences
Animals
Sleep, REM
Electroencephalography
Sleep Stages
GABAergic Neurons
Wakefulness
Sleep
DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.030
Publication Date:
2021-11-03T14:36:43Z
AUTHORS (5)
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACTThe two major stages of mammalian sleep – rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) and non-REM sleep (NREMs) – are characterized by distinct brain rhythms ranging from millisecond to minute-long (infraslow) oscillations. The mechanisms controlling transitions between sleep stages and how they are synchronized with infraslow rhythms remain poorly understood. Using opto- and chemogenetic manipulation, we show that GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial medulla (dmM) promote the initiation and maintenance of REMs, in part through their projections to the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Fiber photometry revealed that dmM GABAergic neurons are strongly activated during REMs. During NREMs, their activity fluctuated in close synchrony with infraslow oscillations in the spindle band of the electroencephalogram, and the phase of this rhythm modulated the latency of optogenetically induced REMs episodes. Thus, dmM inhibitory neurons powerfully promote REMs, and their slow activity fluctuations may coordinate transitions from NREMs to REMs with infraslow brain rhythms.
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