Episodic-like memory in common bottlenose dolphins

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.032
• Publication Date: 2022-07-25T14:36:32Z
• Authors: James R. Davies; Elias Garcia-Pele...; Luigi Baciadonna; Cristina Pilenga; Livio Favaro; Nicola S. Clayton
• Keywords: Consciousness; incidental encoding; Common Dolphins; Memory, Episodic; episodic memory; Tursiops; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; Mental Recall; comparative psychology; Animals; Humans; Cetacea; unexpected question; 14. Life underwater; Cetacea; Tursiops; comparative psychology; episodic memory; incidental encoding; mental time travel; unexpected question; mental time travel

Episodic memory involves the conscious recollection of personally experienced events, which has often been argued to be a uniquely human ability.1Suddendorf T. Corballis M.C. Mental time travel and evolution mind.Genet. Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr. 1997; 123: 133-167PubMed Google Scholar, 2Tulving E. Markowitsch H.J. declarative memory: role hippocampus.Hippocampus. 1998; 8: 198-204https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:3<198::aid-hipo2>3.0.co;2-gCrossref PubMed Scopus (0) 3Tulving autonoesis: human?.in: Terrace H.S. Metcalfe J. The Missing Link in Cognition: Origins Self-Reflective Consciousness. Oxford University Press, 2005: 3-56https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161564.003.0001Crossref (60) 4Suddendorf Addis D.R. shaping mind.Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. 2009; 364: 1317-1324https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0301Crossref (228) 5Suddendorf Behavioural evidence for mental nonhuman animals.Behav. Brain Res. 2010; 215: 292-298https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.044Crossref (109) Scholar However, episodic recall humans is centered around language-based reports. With no agreed upon non-linguistic behavioral makers consciousness,6Griffiths D. Dickinson A. Clayton N. what can animals remember about their past?.Trends Cognit. 1999; 3: 74-80https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01272-8Abstract Full Text PDF episodic-like memory7Clayton N.S. Episodic-like during cache recovery by scrub jays.Nature. 395: 272-274https://doi.org/10.1038/26216Crossref (983) therefore represents characteristics memory, absence subjective experience recall. Here, we provide compelling common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), based on incidental encoding unexpected question paradigm.8Zentall T.R. Clement T.S. Bhatt R.S. Allen pigeons.Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2001; 685-690https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196204Crossref This methodology aims capture characteristic that when an experience, information was trivial at encoding, but encoded automatically.9Morris R.G.M. Frey U. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity: spatial learning or automatic recording attended experience?.Phil. Roy. Lond. B 352: 1489-1503https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0136Crossref (314) We show are able use incidentally ("where") social ("who") solve task, using only single test trial per type, ensured did not have opportunity semantically learn "rules" pass test. All participating made correct choices both "where" "who" tests. These results suggest capable recalling, accessing within remembered ability indicative humans. argue complex socio-ecological background may selected manner.