High digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with attack frequency and severity in hereditary angioedema patients
Hereditary Angioedema
Digit ratio
Numerical digit
DOI:
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105724
Publication Date:
2023-02-09T08:07:22Z
AUTHORS (10)
ABSTRACT
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the plasma protease C1-inhibitor is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder. We explored a possible correlation between the ratio of the second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) and the frequency of HEA attacks, and whether the ratio might predict laryngeal attack.We evaluated 35 HEA patients aged 19 to 66 years; 3 were subsequently excluded. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated by dividing the length of the second finger by that of the fourth finger of both hands. A structured clinical questionnaire exploring HAE course and treatment over the prior year was administered.Of the 32 participants, 56.25 % (n = 18) were female. Of them, those with high 2D:4D ratios suffered significantly more laryngeal attacks than others; 93.3% of patients with high 2D:4D ratios experienced ≥5 attacks annually, significantly more than those with low ratios. Among type 2 HEA patients, 75 % of those experiencing ≥5 attacks annually had high 2D:4D ratios; all patients with low 2D:4D ratios reported <5 attacks annually. These significant effects were found for right-hand 2D:4D ratios and not left-hand 2D:4D ratios.The data suggest that intrauterine sex hormone exposure, which affects the 2D:4D ratio, is significantly associated with HEA attack frequency and severity, and laryngeal edema.
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