The discovery of 1, 3-diamino-7H-pyrrol[3, 2-f]quinazoline compounds as potent antimicrobial antifolates

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113979
• Publication Date: 2021-11-11T16:41:01Z
• Authors: Yue Li; Yifan Ouyang; Han Wu; Peng Wang; Yu Huang; Xue Li; Hongtong Chen; Yu Sun; Xinxin Hu; Xiukun Wang; Guoqing Li; Yun Lu; Congran Li; Xi Lu; Jing Pang; Tongying Nie; Xiaohong Sang; Luyao Dong; Wenting Dong; Jiandong Jiang; Ian C. Paterson; Xinyi Yang; Wei Hong; Hao Wang; Xuefu You
• Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; 0301 basic medicine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Molecular Structure; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; 540; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; 3. Good health; Structure-Activity Relationship; 03 medical and health sciences; Folic Acid; Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Discovery; Oral surger; Folic Acid Antagonists

The shortage of new antibiotics makes infections caused by gram-negative (G-) bacteria a significant clinical problem. The key enzymes involved in folate biosynthesis represent important targets for drug discovery, and new antifolates with novel mechanisms are urgently needed. By targeting to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a series of 1,3-diamino-7H-pyrrol[3,2-f]quinazoline (PQZ) compounds were designed, and exhibited potent antibacterial activities in vitro, especially against multi-drug resistant G- strains. Multiple experiments indicated that PQZ compounds contain a different molecular mechanism against the typical DHFR inhibitor, trimethoprim (TMP), and the thymidylate synthase (TS) was identified as another potential but a relatively weak target. A significant synergism between the representative compound, OYYF-175, and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was observed with a strong cumulative and significantly bactericidal effect at extremely low concentrations (2 μg/mL for SMZ and 0.03 pg/mL for OYYF-175), which could be resulted from the simultaneous inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), DHFR and TS. PQZ compounds exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). The co-crystal structure of OYYF-175-DHFR was solved and the detailed interactions were provided. The inhibitors reported represent innovative chemical structures with novel molecular mechanism of action, which will benefit the generation of new, efficacious bactericidal compounds.