Determinants of environmental degradation: Exploring the unexplored for brunei darussalam

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.100859
• Publication Date: 2024-02-09T17:46:04Z
• Authors: Mehboob Ul Hassan; Muhammad Tahir; Norulazidah Omar Ali; Samra Qamar; Waqar Ullah Khan; Umar Burki
• Keywords: Degradation; Environmental degradation

This paper identifies the determinants of environmental degradation for resource-rich economy Brunei Darussalam. Annual data selected variables on Darussalam is obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) period 1990-2020. To explore potential cointegration relationship between and its determinants, we apply autoregressive distributed lagged modeling (ARDL). The long-run findings indicated that an increasing income level energy consumption had caused in Darussalam, as their coefficients are positive statistically significant. On other hand, trade openness has improved overall quality environment impact CO2 emissions negative Urbanization a but insignificant influence emissions. short-run results showed openness, urbanization, degraded environment. Our causality analysis show unilaterally related to GDP per capita consumption, while casts one-way capita. Moreover, urbanization causing emissions, Finally, causal seen consumption. Overall, our quite interesting not uniform. study's provide practical insights Darussalam's policymakers cope with ecological degradation.