Effects of high fluoride and iodine combined exposure on thyroid nodules and goiter in school-age children in Jiangsu, China

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40082
• Publication Date: 2024-11-01T23:56:55Z
• Authors: Yuting Xia; Yunjie Ye; Mao Liu; Yang Wang; Li Shang; Peihua Wang; Yan Xu
• Keywords: Thyroid Nodules

IntroductionWith advancements in detection equipment and an increase the frequency of examinations, thyroid nodules goiter children have garnered attention.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine effects high iodine fluoride exposure on school-aged children.MethodsWe recruited aged 8 12 from rural Jiangsu, China, based concentrations local drinking water urine. Participants were divided into four groups: a group with (HFHI), (HF), (HI), control (CONTROL). Fluoride levels both urine samples measured using ion-selective electrode method. Urinary (UI) was assessed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, children's thyroids examined portable ultrasound equipped linear 7.5-MHz probe.ResultsThe rates HFHI, HF, HI, CONTROL groups 10.4%, 6.5%, 7.7%, 2.8%, respectively. The 3.8%, 2.9%, 1.1%, In HFHI group, statistically significant correlations found between urinary (UF) (P = 0.011, adjusted OR 95% CIs 2.29 [1.21, 4.32]), as well UI 0.038, 1.58 [1.04, 2.40]), 0.014, CI 2.31 [1.19, 4.48]). HI there link 0.005, 2.45 [1.31, 4.58]).ConclusionsCombined may adverse effect school-age children.