A Stackelberg game-based incentive mechanism and discharge guidance strategy for private electric vehicles for distribution systems load restoration

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110023
• Publication Date: 2024-05-17T03:33:14Z
• Authors: Xihao Wang; Xiaojun Wang; Zhao Liu; Weixin Wang; Qingkai Sun; Aiqiang Pan; Jiaming Dou
• Keywords: Stackelberg competition

Effectively utilizing large-scale Private Electric Vehicles (PREVs) in load restoration can enhance the capability of Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to respond accidental power outages. However, challenge remains incentivizing and guiding PREVs participate restoration. This paper proposes a Stackelberg game-based incentive mechanism, with V2G Station Operator (VSO) discharge guidance model based on Huff attraction embedded address this challenge. The VSO is introduced manage issue having small individual capacities, not meeting criteria for direct participation electricity markets. Firstly, framework involving introduced, clarifying responsibilities PREVs, VSO, DSO, Market (DMO), as well interrelation mechanism strategy. Secondly, models each game participant are established. encapsulates strategy into an optimization using attraction-based that captures destination choice probabilities DSO develops model. Thirdly, established DMO leader followers. existence uniqueness proposed game's equilibrium solution proven, distributed iterative algorithm employed solution. Finally, numerical simulations performed IEEE 33-bus distribution system simplified road network validate strategy's effectiveness PREVs' restoration, enhancing improving economic efficiency participant.