An Ocular Commensal Protects against Corneal Infection by Driving an Interleukin-17 Response from Mucosal γδ T Cells

• DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.014
• Publication Date: 2017-07-11T18:32:02Z
• Authors: Anthony J. St. Leger; Jigar V. Desai; Rebecca A. Drummond; Abirami Kugadas; Fatimah Almaghrabi; Phyllis Silver; Kumarkrishna Rayc...; Mihaela Gadjeva; Yoichiro Iwakura; Michail S. Lionakis; Rachel R. Caspi
• Keywords: Mice, Knockout; 0301 basic medicine; 0303 health sciences; Corynebacterium Infections; Neutrophils; Microbiota; Eye Infections; Interleukin-17; Candidiasis; Corynebacterium; 3. Good health; Cornea; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Neutrophil Infiltration; Candida albicans; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Animals; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Immunity, Mucosal

Mucosal sites such as the intestine, oral cavity, nasopharynx, and vagina all have associated commensal flora. The surface of the eye is also a mucosal site, but proof of a living, resident ocular microbiome remains elusive. Here, we used a mouse model of ocular surface disease to reveal that commensals were present in the ocular mucosa and had functional immunological consequences. We isolated one such candidate commensal, Corynebacterium mastitidis, and showed that this organism elicited a commensal-specific interleukin-17 response from γδ T cells in the ocular mucosa that was central to local immunity. The commensal-specific response drove neutrophil recruitment and the release of antimicrobials into the tears and protected the eye from pathogenic Candida albicans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our findings provide direct evidence that a resident commensal microbiome exists on the ocular surface and identify the cellular mechanisms underlying its effects on ocular immune homeostasis and host defense.