Advances in understanding the humins: Formation , prevention and application

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaecs.2022.100062
• Publication Date: 2022-03-26T22:19:13Z
• Authors: Siwei Liu; Yuting Zhu; Yuhe Liao; Haiyong Wang; Qiying Liu; Longlong Ma; Chenguang Wang
• Keywords: Humin

The formation of dark-colored solids, as known humins, was observed during acid-catalyzed dehydration certain biomass platform molecules like fructose, glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Humins structures were found to be precipitated microspheres in the liquid phase and/or on surfaces solid catalyst reactor walls. begins with random uncontrollable condensation key intermediate molecules, namely, glucose, HMF, 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (TB), 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal (DHH), etc. Further, mechanism network humins also contains polymerization soluble oligomers, growth primary particles, physical absorption aggregation particle groups. retards economy, safety efficiency cellulosic carbon conversion including wasting substrates, blocking reactor, causing deactivation absorbing high-value products. This necessitates systematic elucidation its network, characterization techniques utilization. review organized significant studies formation, (i) background information different process, (ii) analytical for characterization, (iii) properties (iv) prevention methods (v) exploration