The impact of enterovirus A71 vaccination program on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong, China: A longitudinal surveillance study

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.020
• Publication Date: 2022-06-26T13:22:08Z
• Authors: Jianpeng Xiao; Qi Zhu; Fen Yang; Siqing Zeng; Zhihua Zhu; Dexin Gong; Yihan Li; Li Zhang; Bin Li; Weilin Zeng; Xing Li; Zuhua Rong; Jianxiong Hu; Guanhao He; Jiufeng Sun; Jing Lu; Tao Liu; Wenjun Ma; Limei Sun
• Keywords: China; Vaccination; Infant; Bayes Theorem; Enterovirus A, Human; 3. Good health; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Enterovirus Infections; Humans; Child; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Enterovirus

Enterovirus A71 (EV71) vaccination program was introduced in 2016 in China. Based on a longitudinal surveillance dataset from 2012 to 2019 in Guangdong, China, we estimated the impact of the EV71 vaccination program on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence, by using a counterfactual prediction made from synthetic control approach integrated with a Bayesian time-series model. We observed a relative reduction of 41.4% for EV71-associated HFMD cases during the post-vaccination period of 2017-2019, corresponding to 26,226 cases averted. The reduction of EV71-associated HFMD cases raised with the elevation of EV71 vaccine coverage by year. We found an indirect effect for the children aged 6-14 years who were less likely to be vaccinated. Whereas, the EV71 vaccine may not protect against non-EV71-associated HFMD. This study provides a template for ongoing public health surveillance of EV71 vaccine effectiveness with a counterfactual study design. Our results show strong evidence of the EV71 vaccination program working on reducing EV71-associated HFMD in real-world settings. The finding will benefit policy-making of EV71 vaccination and the prevention of HFMD.