Patterns of perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acid status and associated dietary or candidate-genetic factors

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100562
• Publication Date: 2024-05-17T09:48:23Z
• Authors: Aline Abou Assi; Barbara Heude; Sabine Plancoulaine; Catherine Sarté; Muriel Tafflet; Wen Lun Yuan; Marie-Aline Charles; Martine Armand; Jonathan Y. Bernard
• Keywords: Fatty Acid Desaturases; Adult; 0301 basic medicine; Fatty Acid Elongases; 610; ELOVL genes; QD415-436; [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics; [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics; perinatal PUFA status; Biochemistry; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; 03 medical and health sciences; Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; Pregnancy; Acetyltransferases; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; omega-3 fatty acids; Colostrum; Infant, Newborn; FADS genes; Fetal Blood; Diet; [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics; [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition; [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics; [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie; dietary fat; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie; epidemiology; Female; pregnancy; [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition; Research Article

Perinatal exposure to omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be characterized through biomarkers in maternal or cord blood or breast milk. Objectives were to describe perinatal PUFA status combining multiple biofluids and to investigate how it was influenced by dietary intake during pregnancy and maternal FADS and ELOVL gene polymorphisms. This study involved 1,901 mother-child pairs from the EDEN cohort, with PUFA levels measured in maternal and cord erythrocytes, and colostrum. Maternal dietary PUFA intake during the last trimester was derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS and ELOVL genes were genotyped from maternal DNA. Principal component analysis incorporating PUFA levels from the three biofluids identified patterns of perinatal PUFA status. Spearman's correlations explored associations between patterns and PUFA dietary intake, and linear regression models examined pattern associations with FADS or ELOVL haplotypes. Five patterns were retained: "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs"; "Omega-6 LC-PUFAs"; "Colostrum LC-PUFAs"; "Omega-6 precursor (LA) and DGLA"; "Omega-6 precursor and colostrum ALA". Maternal omega-3 LC-PUFA intakes were correlated with "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" (r(DHA) = 0.33) and "Omega-6 LC-PUFAs" (r(DHA) = -0.19) patterns. Strong associations were found between FADS haplotypes and PUFA patterns except for "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs". Lack of genetic association with the "High omega-3 LC-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" pattern, highly correlated with maternal omega-3 LC-PUFA intake, emphasizes the importance of adequate omega-3 LC-PUFA intake during pregnancy and lactation. This study offers a more comprehensive assessment of perinatal PUFA status and its determinants.