Toxicity of hydroxychloroquine, a potential treatment for COVID-19, on free-living marine nematodes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112361
• Publication Date: 2021-04-16T02:46:47Z
• Authors: Manel Ben Ali; Amor Hedfi; Mohammed Almalki; Paraskevi K. Kara...; Fehmi Boufahja
• Keywords: Hydroxychloroquine; Omnivore; Microcosm

On March 2020, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was recommended as a treatment for COVID-19 high risk patients. Following the massive and widespread use of HCQ worldwide, a discernible high quantity is anticipated to end-up through the sewage systems in marine coastal areas. A closed microcosm study was undertaken herein for 30 days where meiobenthic nematodes were exposed to a range of HCQ concentrations (3.162, 31.62 and 63.24 μg.ml-1). After one month of exposure in HCQ, the total abundances and Shannon-Wiener index of the assemblages decreased, whereas the individual mass and the Trophic Diversity Index increased at the highest concentrations. Overall, a numerical negative impact was observed for the epistrate feeders and non-selective deposit feeders, however, this benefited to the omnivores-carnivores, and particularly to the Oncholaimids. Such responses of the nematodes 2B and the corresponding taxa are bioindicative of current- or post-COVID-19 crisis risks in relation with the bioaccumulation of HCQ in seafood.