Th1 and Th17 mucosal immune responses elicited by nasally inoculation in mice with virulence factors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105779
• Publication Date: 2022-09-15T09:03:25Z
• Authors: Lulu Xu; Fei Hao; Jingjing Wang; Zhixin Feng; Lei Zhang; Ting Yuan; Rong Chen; Zhenzhen Zhang; Guoqing Shao; Qiyan Xiong; Johnson Lin; Xing Xie; Yongjie Liu
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Mice, Inbred BALB C; 0303 health sciences; FMN Reductase; Virulence Factors; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; NAD; 3. Good health; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Immunoglobulin G; Flavins; Bacterial Vaccines; Vaccines, Subunit; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Animals; Th17 Cells; Immunity, Mucosal

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent (NADH) flavin oxidoreductase and NADH oxidase (NOX) are important virulence factors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), which are devoted to the function of adhesion, oxidative stress damage and apoptosis to host cells in our previous studies. Here, immune responses of NADH flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) and NOX in mice and immune efficacy inoculated with intramuscular (IM), intranasal (IN), intramuscular unite intranasal (IM + IN) approaches were evaluated and compared. Cellular immunity levels, systemic immune and local mucosal immune responses were investigated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Mice inoculated with NFOR and NOX by IM and IN or IM + IN could induce obvious secretion of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies (sIgA) compared to those in negative control group. IM + IN inoculation resulted in systemic and local mucosal immune responses that were strongly produced. Moreover, Mhp NFOR and NOX could activate local mucosal immune responses mediated by Th1 and Th17 cells by IN. Our finding supported the notion that IM + IN was an effective immunization route for Mhp, which lays a foundation for more effective prevention of Mhp, and provides theoretical basis for the development of new subunit vaccines of Mhp.