Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164823
• Publication Date: 2020-11-06T07:13:56Z
• Authors: A. Abusleme; T. Adam; S. Ahmad; S. Aiello; M. Akram; N. Ali; F.P. An; G.P. An; Q. An; G. Andronico; N. Anfimov; V. Antonelli; T. Antoshkina; B. Asavapibhop; J.P.A.M. de André; A. Babic; A.B. Balantekin; W. Baldini; M. Baldoncini; H.R. Band; A. Barresi; E. Baussan; M. Bellato; E. Bernieri; D. Biare; T. Birkenfeld; M. Bishai; S. Blin; D. Blum; S. Blyth; C. Bordereau; A. Brigatti; R. Brugnera; A. Budano; P. Burgbacher; M. Buscemi; S. Bussino; J. Busto; I. Butorov; A. Cabrera; H. Cai; X. Cai; Y.K. Cai; Z.Y. Cai; A. Cammi; A. Campeny; C.Y. Cao; G.F. Cao; J. Cao; R. Caruso; C. Cerna; J.F. Chang; Y. Chang; H.S. Chen; P.A. Chen; P.P. Chen; S.M. Chen; S.J. Chen; X.R. Chen; Y.W. Chen; Y.X. Chen; Y. Chen; Z. Chen; J. Cheng; Y.P. Cheng; Z.K. Cheng; A. Chepurnov; J.J. Cherwinka; F. Chiarello; D. Chiesa; P. Chimenti; M.C. Chu; A. Chukanov; A. Chuvashova; C. Clementi; B. Clerbaux; S. Conforti Di Lo...; D. Corti; S. Costa; F. Dal Corso; J.P. Cummings; O. Dalager; C. De La Taille; F.S. Deng; J.W. Deng; Z. Deng; Z.Y. Deng; W. Depnering; M. Diaz; X.F. Ding; Y.Y. Ding; B. Dirgantara; S. Dmitrievsky; M.V. Diwan; T. Dohnal; G. Donchenko; J.M. Dong; D. Dornic; E. Doroshkevich; J. Dove; M. Dracos; F. Druillole; S.X. Du; S. Dusini; M. Dvorak; D.A. Dwyer; T. Enqvist; H. Enzmann; A. Fabbri; L. Fajt; D.H. Fan; L. Fan; C. Fang; J. Fang; A. Fatkina; D. Fedoseev; V. Fekete; L.C. Feng; Q.C. Feng; G. Fiorentini; R. Ford; A. Formozov; A. Fournier; S. Franke; J.P. Gallo; H.N. Gan; F. Gao; A. Garfagnini; A. Göttel; C. Genster; M. Giammarchi; A. Giaz; N. Giudice; F. Giuliani; M. Gonchar; G.H. Gong; H. Gong; O. Gorchakov; Y. Gornushkin; M. Grassi; C. Grewing; M. Gromov; V. Gromov; M.H. Gu; W.Q. Gu; X.F. Gu; Y. Gu; M.Y. Guan; N. Guardone; M. Gul; C. Guo; J.Y. Guo; L. Guo; W.L. Guo; X.H. Guo; Y.H. Guo; Z. Guo; M. Haacke; R.W. Hackenburg; P. Hackspacher; C. Hagner; R. Han; Y. Han; S. Hans; M. He; W. He; K.M. Heeger; T. Heinz; Y.K. Heng; R. Herrera; A. Higuera; D.J. Hong; Y.K. Hor; S.J. Hou; Y.B. Hsiung; B.Z. Hu; H. Hu; J.R. Hu; J. Hu; S.Y. Hu; T. Hu; Z.J. Hu; C.H. Huang; G.H. Huang; H.X. Huang; Q.H. Huang; W.H. Huang; X.T. Huang; Y.B. Huang; P. Huber; J.Q. Hui; L. Huo; W.J. Huo; C. Huss; S. Hussain; A. Insolia; A. Ioannisian; D. Ioannisyan; R. Isocrate; D.E. Jaffe; K.L. Jen; X.L. Ji; X.P. Ji; X.Z. Ji; H.H. Jia; J.J. Jia; S.Y. Jian; D. Jiang; X.S. Jiang; R.Y. Jin; X.P. Jing; R.A. Johnson; C. Jollet; D. Jones; J. Joutsenvaara; S. Jungthawan; L. Kalousis; P. Kampmann; L. Kang; M. Karagounis; N. Kazarian; S.H. Kettell; A. Khan; W. Khan; K. Khosonthongkee; P. Kinz; S. Kohn; D. Korablev; K. Kouzakov; M. Kramer; A. Krasnoperov; S. Krokhaleva; Z. Krumshteyn; A. Kruth; N. Kutovskiy; P. Kuusiniemi; B. Lachacinski; T. Lachenmaier; C. Landini; T.J. Langford; J. Lee; J.H.C. Lee; F. Lefevre; L. Lei; R. Lei; R. Leitner; J. Leung; D.M. Li; F. Li; F. Li; H.T. Li; H.L. Li; J. Li; J.J. Li; J.Q. Li; K.J. Li; M.Z. Li; N. Li; N. Li; Q.J. Li; Q.J. Li; R.H. Li; S.C. Li; S.F. Li; S.J. Li; T. Li; W.D. Li; W.G. Li; X.M. Li; X.N. Li; X.L. Li; X.Q. Li; Y. Li; Y.F. Li; Z.B. Li; Z.Y. Li; H. Liang; H. Liang; J.J. Liang; D. Liebau; A. Limphirat; S. Limpijumnong; C.J. Lin; G.L. Lin; S.X. Lin; T. Lin; Y.H. Lin; J.J. Ling; J.M. Link; I. Lippi; L. Littenberg; B.R. Littlejohn; F. Liu; H. Liu; H. Liu; H.B. Liu; H.D. Liu; H.J. Liu; H.T. Liu; J.C. Liu; J.L. Liu; M. Liu; Q. Liu; Q. Liu; R.X. Liu; S.Y. Liu; S.B. Liu; S.L. Liu; X.W. Liu; Y. Liu; A. Lokhov; P. Lombardi; K. Loo; S. Lorenz; C. Lu; C. Lu; H.Q. Lu; J.B. Lu; J.G. Lu; S.X. Lu; X.X. Lu; B. Lubsandorzhiev; S. Lubsandorzhiev; L. Ludhova; K.B. Luk; F.J. Luo; G. Luo; P.W. Luo; S. Luo; W.M. Luo; V. Lyashuk; Q.M. Ma; S. Ma; X.B. Ma; X.Y. Ma; Y.Q. Ma; Y. Malyshkin; F. Mantovani; Y.J. Mao; S.M. Mari; F. Marini; S. Marium; C. Marshall; C. Martellini; G. Martin-Chassard; D.A. Martinez Cai...; A. Martini; J. Martino; D. Mayilyan; K.T. McDonald; R.D. McKeown; A. Müller; G. Meng; I. Mednieks; Y. Meng; A. Meregaglia; E. Meroni; D. Meyhöfer; M. Mezzetto; J. Miller; L. Miramonti; S. Monforte; P. Montini; M. Montuschi; N. Morozov; P. Muralidharan; J. Napolitano; M. Nastasi; D.V. Naumov; E. Naumova; I. Nemchenok; A. Nikolaev; F.P. Ning; Z. Ning; H. Nunokawa; L. Oberauer; J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux; A. Olshevskiy; F. Ortica; H.R. Pan; A. Paoloni; J. Park; N. Parkalian; S. Parmeggiano; S. Patton; T. Payupol; V. Pec; D. Pedretti; Y.T. Pei; N. Pelliccia; A.G. Peng; H.P. Peng; J.C. Peng; F. Perrot; P.A. Petitjean; L.F. Pineres Rico; A. Popov; P. Poussot; W. Pratumwan; E. Previtali; C.S.J. Pun; F.Z. Qi; M. Qi; S. Qian; X. Qian; X.H. Qian; H. Qiao; Z.H. Qin; S.K. Qiu; M. Rajput; G. Ranucci; N. Raper; A. Re; H. Rebber; A. Rebii; B. Ren; J. Ren; C.M. Reveco; T. Rezinko; B. Ricci; M. Robens; M. Roche; N. Rodphai; L. Rohwer; A. Romani; R. Rosero; B. Roskovec; C. Roth; X.C. Ruan; X.D. Ruan; S. Rujirawat; A. Rybnikov; A. Sadovsky; P. Saggese; G. Salamanna; A. Sangka; N. Sanguansak; U. Sawangwit; J. Sawatzki; F. Sawy; M. Schever; J. Schuler; C. Schwab; K. Schweizer; D. Selivanov; A. Selyunin; A. Serafini; G. Settanta; M. Settimo; M. Shahzad; G. Shi; J.Y. Shi; Y.J. Shi; V. Shutov; A. Sidorenkov; F. Šimkovic; C. Sirignano; J. Siripak; M. Sisti; M. Slupecki; M. Smirnov; O. Smirnov; T. Sogo-Bezerra; J. Songwadhana; B. Soonthornthum; A. Sotnikov; O. Sramek; W. Sreethawong; A. Stahl; L. Stanco; K. Stankevich; D. Štefánik; H. Steiger; H. Steiner; J. Steinmann; M. Stender; V. Strati; A. Studenikin; G.X. Sun; L.T. Sun; J.L. Sun; S.F. Sun; X.L. Sun; Y.J. Sun; Y.Z. Sun; N. Suwonjandee; M. Szelezniak; J. Tang; Q. Tang; Q. Tang; X. Tang; A. Tietzsch; I. Tkachev; T. Tmej; K. Treskov; G. Troni; W. Trzaska; W.-H. Tse; C.E. Tull; C. Tuve; S. van Waasen; J. van den Boom; N. Vassilopoulos; V. Vedin; G. Verde; M. Vialkov; B. Viaud; B. Viren; C. Volpe; V. Vorobel; L. Votano; P. Walker; C. Wang; C.H. Wang; E. Wang; G.L. Wang; J. Wang; J. Wang; K.Y. Wang; L. Wang; M.F. Wang; M. Wang; M. Wang; N.Y. Wang; R.G. Wang; S.G. Wang; W. Wang; W. Wang; W.S. Wang; X. Wang; X.Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Y.F. Wang; Y.G. Wang; Y.M. Wang; Y.Q. Wang; Z. Wang; Z. Wang; Z.M. Wang; Z.Y. Wang; A. Watcharangkool; H.Y. Wei; L.H. Wei; W. Wei; Y.D. Wei; L.J. Wen; K. Whisnant; C.G. White; C. Wiebusch; S.C.F. Wong; H.L.H. Wong; B. Wonsak; E. Worcester; C.H. Wu; D.R. Wu; F.L. Wu; Q. Wu; W.J. Wu; Z. Wu; M. Wurm; J. Wurtz; C. Wysotzki; Y.F. Xi; D.M. Xia; Y.G. Xie; Z.Q. Xie; Z.Z. Xing; D.L. Xu; F.R. Xu; H.K. Xu; J.L. Xu; J. Xu; M.H. Xu; T. Xu; Y. Xu; Y. Xu; T. Xue; B.J. Yan; X.B. Yan; Y.P. Yan; A.B. Yang; C.G. Yang; H. Yang; J. Yang; L. Yang; X.Y. Yang; Y.F. Yang; Y.Z. Yang; H.F. Yao; Z. Yasin; J.X. Ye; M. Ye; U. Yegin; M. Yeh; F. Yermia; P.H. Yi; Z.Y. You; B.L. Young; B.X. Yu; C.X. Yu; C.Y. Yu; H.Z. Yu; M. Yu; X.H. Yu; Z.Y. Yu; C.Z. Yuan; Y. Yuan; Z.X. Yuan; Z.Y. Yuan; B.B. Yue; N. Zafar; A. Zambanini; P. Zeng; S. Zeng; T.X. Zeng; Y.D. Zeng; L. Zhan; C. Zhang; F.Y. Zhang; G.Q. Zhang; H.H. Zhang; H.Q. Zhang; J. Zhang; J.B. Zhang; J.W. Zhang; P. Zhang; Q.M. Zhang; T. Zhang; X.M. Zhang; X.T. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Y.H. Zhang; Y.M. Zhang; Y.P. Zhang; Y.X. Zhang; Y.Y. Zhang; Y.Y. Zhang; Z.J. Zhang; Z.P. Zhang; Z.Y. Zhang; Z.Y. Zhang; F.Y. Zhao; J. Zhao; R. Zhao; S.J. Zhao; T.C. Zhao; D.Q. Zheng; H. Zheng; M.S. Zheng; Y.H. Zheng; W.R. Zhong; J. Zhou; L. Zhou; N. Zhou; S. Zhou; X. Zhou; J. Zhu; K.J. Zhu; H.L. Zhuang; L. Zong; J.H. Zou
• Keywords: Fysiikka; Liquid scintillator; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors; scintillation counter: liquid; hiukkasfysiikka; antineutrino: detector; Atomic; 7. Clean energy; 01 natural sciences; High Energy Physics - Experiment; neutrino; High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); Particle and Plasma Physics; Daya Bay; [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]; neutrino oscillation; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530; physics.ins-det; JUNO; Ydin- ja kiihdytinfysiikan huippuyksikkö; Physics; Light yield; Liquid scintillator; Neutrino; neutriinot; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); Nuclear and Plasma Physics; Nuclear & Particles Physics; Nuclear and plasma physics; Other Physical Sciences; antimateria; ilmaisimet; Physical Sciences; photon: yield; Astronomical and Space Sciences; organic compounds: admixture; 330; [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]; light yield; tutkimuslaitteet; FOS: Physical sciences; model: optical; Centre of Excellence in Nuclear and Accelerator Based Physics; 530; wavelength shifter; Light yield; Liquid scintillator; Neutrino;; Neutrino; 0103 physical sciences; fluorine: admixture; Nuclear; [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]; liquid scintillator; ta114; hep-ex; Molecular; [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]; Light yield

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB.<br/>13 pages, 8 figures<br/>