Fruit consumption and cardiometabolic risk in the PREDIMED-plus study: A cross-sectional analysis

• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.007
• Publication Date: 2021-02-17T14:47:37Z
• Authors: Nerea Becerra-Tomás; Indira Paz-Graniel; Anna Tresserra-Ri...; Miguel Á. Martíne...; Laura Barrubés; Dolores Corella; Júlia Muñoz-Martínez; Dora Romaguera; Jesús Vioque; Ángel M. Alonso-G...; Julia Wärnberg; José A. Martínez; Luís Serra-Majem; Ramon Estruch; Maria R. Bernal-L...; José Lapetra; Xavier Pintó; Josep A. Tur; Antonio Garcia-Rios; Blanca Riquelme G...; Miguel Delgado-Ro...; Pilar Matía-Martín; Lidia Daimiel; Sonsoles Velilla-...; Josep Vidal; Clotilde Vázquez; Emilio Ros; Pilar Buil-Cosiales; Nancy Babio; Rebeca Fernández-...; Karla A. Pérez-Vega; Marga Morey; Laura Torres-Collado; Lucas Tojal-Sierra; Jessica Pérez-López; Itziar Abete; Judith P. Cabrera; Rosa Casas; José C. Fernández...; José M. Santos-Lo...; Virginia Esteve-L...; Cristina Bouzas; Cesar I. Fernande...; José V. Sorlí; Gala Freixer; Marian Martín; Montserrat G. Muñoz; Itziar Salaverria...; Estefania Toledo; Olga Castañer; Jordi Salas-Salvadó
• Keywords: Blood Glucose; Male; Color; Blood Pressure; Risk Assessment; 3206 Ciencias de la nutrición; Fruits; Body Mass Index; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Humans; Aged; Metabolic Syndrome; 2. Zero hunger; Age Factors; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Middle Aged; Protective Factors; 3. Good health; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Cardiovascular diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fruit; Female; Fruit juices; Diet, Healthy; 32 Ciencias médicas; Nutritive Value; Biomarkers; Fruit Juices

Total fruit consumption is important for cardiovascular disease prevention, but also the variety and form in which is consumed. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between total fruit, subgroups of fruits based on their color and fruit juices consumption with different cardiometabolic parameters.A total of 6633 elderly participants (aged 55-75 years) with metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study were included in this analysis. Fruit and fruit juice consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between exposure variables (total fruit, subgroups based on the color, and fruit juices) and different cardiometabolic risk factors. Individuals in the highest category of total fruit consumption (≥3 servings/d) had lower waist circumference (WC) (β = -1.04 cm; 95%CI:-1.81, -0.26), fasting glucose levels (β = -2.41 mg/dL; 95%CI(-4.19, -0.63) and LDL-cholesterol (β = -4.11 mg/dL; 95%CI:-6.93, -1.36), but, unexpectedly, higher systolic blood pressure (BP) (β = 1.84 mmHg; 95%CI: 0.37, 3.30) and diastolic BP (β = 1.69 mmHg; 95%CI:0.83, 2.56) when compared to those in the lowest category of consumption (<1 servings/d). Participants consuming ≥1 serving/day of total fruit juice had lower WC (β = -0.92 cm; 95%CI:-1.56, -0.27) and glucose levels (β = -1.59 mg/dL; 95%CI:-2.95, -0.23) than those consuming <1 serving/month. The associations with cardiometabolic risk factors differed according to the color of fruits.Fruit consumption is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in Mediterranean elders with metabolic syndrome. The associations regarding BP levels could be attributed, at least partially, to reverse causality bias inherent to the cross-sectional design of the study.