Physical activity and metabolic syndrome severity among older adults at cardiovascular risk: 1-Year trends

• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.015
• Publication Date: 2021-06-30T15:55:59Z
• Authors: Laura Gallardo-Al...; Maria del Mar Bib...; Cristina Bouzas; Catalina M. Mascaró; Miguel Ángel Mart...; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Dolores Corella; Helmut Schröder; J. Alfredo Martínez; Ángel M. Alonso-G...; Julia Wärnberg; Jesús Vioque; Dora Romaguera; José Lopez-Miranda; Ramon Estruch; Francisco J. Tina...; José Lapetra; Luís Serra-Majem; Aurora Bueno-Cava...; Rafael M. Micó; Xavier Pintó; José J. Gaforio; María Ortíz-Ramos; Andreu Altés-Boronat; Bogdana L. Luca; Lidia Daimiel; Emilio Ros; Carmen Sayon-Orea; Nerea Becerra-Tomás; Ignacio Manuel Gi...; Olga Castañer; Itziar Abete; Lucas Tojal-Sierra; Jéssica Pérez-López; Laura Torres-Collado; Antoni Colom; Antonio Garcia-Rios; Sara Castro-Barquero; Rosa Bernal; José Manuel Santo...; Cesar I. Fernande...; Pablo Hernández-A...; Carmen Saiz; Maria Dolors Zomeño; Maria Angeles Zulet; Maria C. Belló-Mora; F. Javier Basterr...; Silvia Canudas; Albert Goday; Josep A. Tur
• Keywords: Male; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary inflammatory index; Risk Assessment; 3206 Ciencias de la nutrición; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Mediterranean diet; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Metabolic syndrome severity; Exercise; Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Metabolic Syndrome; 2. Zero hunger; Physical activity; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; 320501 Cardiología; Feeding Behavior; Middle Aged; Protective Factors; Prognosis; 3. Good health; Sedentary behavior; Functional Status; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Depression risk; Diet, Healthy; Nutritive Value

Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim was to assess 1-year changes of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), sedentary behavior, and diet quality according to MetS severity in older population at high cardiovascular risk.Prospective analysis of 55-75-year-old 4359 overweight/obese participants with MetS (PREDIMED-Plus trial) categorized in tertiles according to 1-year changes of a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, triglycerides and glucose index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, dietary inflammatory index, and depression symptoms were measured. Diet quality was assessed by 17-item MD questionnaire. PAs were self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire and 30-s chair stand test. Sedentary behaviors were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. After 1-year follow-up, decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals, white fish, and bluefish and low intake of refined cereals, red and processed meat, cookies/sweets, and snacks/ready-to-eat-meals. It resulted in high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, protein, fiber, vitamins B1, B6, B9, C, D, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus and low glycemic index and saturated fatty acid, trans fatty acid, and carbohydrates intake. Regarding PA and sedentary behavior, decreasing MetSSS was associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, chair stand test, and decreased sedentary and TV-viewing time.Decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high LTPA, high MD adherence, low sedentary time, and low depression risk.