Theiler's virus infection: Pathophysiology of demyelination and neurodegeneration

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.04.011
• Publication Date: 2010-06-08T08:52:43Z
• Authors: Fumitaka Sato; Hiroki Tanaka; Faris Hasanovic; Ikuo Tsunoda
• Keywords: Pathophysiology

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested to be an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), whose primary target is either myelin itself, or myelin-forming cells, oligodendrocytes. Although axonal damage occurs in MS, it regarded as a secondary event damage. Here, lesion develops from (outside) axons (inside) "Outside-In model". The Outside-In model supported by for experimental (allergic) encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, recently, (1) EAE-like also shown induced immune responses against axons, and (2) neurons well neurodegeneration independent inflammatory demyelination have reported which can not explained model. Theiler's murine virus (TMEV)-induced (TMEV-IDD) viral MS. In TMEV infection, injury precedes demyelination, where "Inside-Out initial could result release neuroantigens, inducing antigens, potentially attack outside nerve fiber. Thus, Inside-Out models make "vicious" immunological cycle initiate cascade.