4D bioprinting of smart polymers for biomedical applications: recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives

• DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105374
• Publication Date: 2022-08-10T16:53:35Z
• Authors: Zia Ullah Arif; Muhammad Yasir Kh...; Ali Zolfagharian; Mahdi Bodaghi
• Keywords: 3D bioprinting; Regenerative Medicine

4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft hard tissue structures as well biomedical devices. It achieved by using stimuli-responsive materials, especially shape memory polymers (SMPs) hydrogels, which possess desirable biomechanical characteristics. In last few years, numerous efforts have been made printing community develop novel polymeric materials considering their perspective. This review presents an up-to-date overview of technology incorporating functionalities biomaterials focused approach towards different engineering regenerative medicine (TERM) applications. includes bone, cardiac, neural, cartilage, drug delivery systems, other high-value also addresses current limitations challenges in provide a basis for foreseeable advancements TERM applications that could be helpful successful utilization clinical settings.