Conical diffraction in atomic vapor: Mathematical models and numerical calculations

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2023.107000
• Publication Date: 2023-09-22T04:40:29Z
• Authors: Yidan Zhang; Hao Luo; Peng Li; Junling Che; Yuzong Gu; Zhenkun Wu
• Keywords: Physics; QC1-999; 0103 physical sciences; Atomic configuration; 01 natural sciences; Dirac cone; High-order nonlinearity

This study investigated the conical diffraction characteristics in honeycomb lattice of a Λ-type three-level energy system for rubidium atomic configuration. Its band structure incorporates Dirac cones accordance with plane wave expansion method. We determined that rotation angle θ three vectors strongly impacted cone profile. For θ=0° and 60°, reciprocal space, states were excited, symmetric was supported. When 0<θ<60°, an asymmetric dark notch appeared on outer edge ring. The results indicate frequency detuning coupling field high-order nonlinear susceptibilities medium are effective concise approaches to manipulate occurrence diffraction. findings this enhance understanding phenomena broaden practical applicability