From renewable energy to sustainable protein sources: Advancement, challenges, and future roadmaps

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.112041
• Publication Date: 2022-01-01T21:51:56Z
• Authors: Benyamin Khoshnev...; Li He; Mingyi Xu; Borja Valverde-Pérez; Jani Sillman; Georgia-Christina...; Panagiotis G. Kou...; Yifeng Zhang; Shuiping Yan; Long Ji; Michael Carbajale...; Seyedeh Nashmin E...; Hadis Marami; Panagiotis Tsapekos; Hongbin Liu; Irini Angelidaki
• Keywords: Renewable resource; Biogas

The concerns over food security and protein scarcity, driven by population increase higher standards of living, have pushed scientists toward finding new sources. A considerable proportion resources agricultural lands are currently dedicated to proteinaceous feed production raise livestock poultry for human consumption. 1st generation microbial (MP) came into the market as land-independent aquaculture. However, MP may be a less sustainable alternative conventional feeds, such soybean meal fishmeal, because this technology requires natural gas synthetic chemicals. These challenges directed researchers 2nd integrating renewable energies, anaerobic digestion, nutrient recovery, biogas cleaning upgrading, carbon-capture technologies, fermentation. fermentation methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) hydrogen-oxidizing (HOB), i.e., two rich microorganisms, has shown great potential, on one hand, upcycle effluents from digestion biomass, other coupled energy systems under concept Power-to-X. This work compares various routes reviewing latest studies conducted in context introducing state-of-the-art hoping that findings can accelerate facilitate upscaling production. results show depends expansion energies. In countries with high penetration electricity, Nordic countries, off-peak surplus electricity used within MP-industry supplying electrolytic H2, which is driving factor both MOB HOB-based recovery technologies heart industry they determine process costs quality final product. Although huge attempts been made date context, some bottlenecks immature efficient fermenters insufficient gas-to-liquid transfer, costly hydrogen storage hindered scale up Furthermore, further research techno-economic feasibility life cycle assessment (LCA) still needed identify key points improvement thereby secure system.