Task-specific ionic liquids: Applications in sample preparation and the chemistry behind their selectivity

Microextraction Ionic liquid 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences MICROEXTRACTIONS Biological samples Chemistry ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES IONIC LIQUIDS Environmental samples Analytical methods https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.4 FOOD SAMPLES BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 QD1-999 ANALYTICAL METHODS Food samples
DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2022.100004 Publication Date: 2022-01-11T18:54:03Z
ABSTRACT
Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) represent a sub-family of ionic liquids characterized by their high specificity towards a target analyte or group of analytes. This characteristic has made them valuable tools for sample preparation, where selectivity represents a key aspect, especially when other species represent a significant source of interference or when non-specific detectors are used. This review presents an overview of TSILs applications for sample preparation from the last ten years, with a special emphasis on their use as liquid-liquid microextraction solvents or as functionalizing agents for sorbents applied to solid-phase microextractions. TSILs applications for the treatment of environmental, food and biological samples are reviewed, including reports devoted to speciation analysis, a relevant trend in recent years regarding elemental studies. Additionally, focus is made on the ‘task-specificity’ of the presented TSILs, including a description of the chemical characteristics that made them selective towards the studied analytes. Finally, future trends and gaps to be covered in the field are also discussed.
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