Microbial iron reduction compensates for phosphorus limitation in paddy soils

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155810
• Publication Date: 2022-05-11T07:13:27Z
• Authors: Chaoqun Wang; Lukas Thielemann; Michaela A. Dippold; Georg Guggenberger; Yakov Kuzyakov; Callum C. Banfield; Tida Ge; Stephanie Guenther; Patrick Bork; Marcus A. Horn; Maxim Dorodnikov
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; Plant-microbial competition; 570; 0303 health sciences; Land use in subtropics; 550; Iron; Oryza; Oxides; Phosphorus; 15. Life on land; Ferric Compounds; Phosphorus isotopes; 6. Clean water; Soil; 03 medical and health sciences; Phosphorus pools and availability; Soil Pollutants; Redox potential; Ferric iron reduction

Limitation of rice growth by low phosphorus (P) availability is a widespread problem in tropical and subtropical soils because of the high content of iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides. Ferric iron-bound P (Fe(III)-P) can serve as a P source in paddies after Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) and corresponding H2PO4- release. However, the relevance of reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-P for plant and microbial P uptake is still an open question. To quantify this, 32P-labeled ferrihydrite (30.8 mg P kg-1) was added to paddy soil mesocosms with rice to trace the P uptake by microorganisms and plants after Fe(III) reduction. Nearly 2% of 32P was recovered in rice plants, contributing 12% of the total P content in rice shoots and roots after 33 days. In contrast, 32P recovery in microbial biomass decreased from 0.5% to 0.08% of 32P between 10 and 33 days after rice transplantation. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic C content decreased from day 10 to 33 by 8-54% and 68-77%, respectively, suggesting that the microbial-mediated Fe(III) reduction was C-limited. The much faster decrease of MBC in rooted (by 54%) vs. bulk soil (8-36%) reflects very fast microbial turnover in the rice rhizosphere (high C and oxygen inputs) resulting in the mineralization of the microbial necromass. In conclusion, Fe(III)-P can serve as small but a relevant P source for rice production and could partly compensate plant P demand. Therefore, the P fertilization strategies should consider the P mobilization from Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in flooded paddy soils during rice growth. An increase in C availability for microorganisms in the rhizosphere intensifies P mobilization, which is especially critical at early stages of rice growth.