Evaluation of tire tread particle toxicity to fish using rainbow trout cell lines

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168933
• Publication Date: 2023-12-01T01:05:37Z
• Authors: W. Dudefoi; B.J.D. Ferrari; F. Breider; T. Masset; G. Leger; E. Vermeirssen; A.J. Bergmann; K. Schirmer
• Keywords: Rainbow

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) resulting from tire abrasion while driving raise concerns due to their potential contribution aquatic toxicity. Our study aimed assess cryogenically milled tread (CMTT) particle toxicity, used as a proxy for TRWP, associated chemicals fish using two Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines representing the gill (RTgill-W1) intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelium. CMTT toxicity was evaluated through several exposure pathways, including direct contact, leaching, digestion, also assessing impact of aging. Following OECD TG249, viability assessed after 24 h acute multiple-endpoint assay indicative metabolic activity, membrane integrity lysosome integrity. In vitro EC50 values exceeded river TRWP concentrations (2.02 g/L 4.65 RTgill-W1 RTgutGC lines, respectively), were similar in vivo LC50 estimated at 6 g/L. Although mainly driven by leaching tire-associated chemicals, presence contributed overall inducing continuous highlighting importance considering combined scenarios. Aging digestion conditions found mediate Thermooxidation resulted decreased chemical under mimicked gastrointestinal increased Specific especially Zn, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) identified contributors 6PPD-quinone detected digestate, cytotoxicity assays with showed no up mg/L, supporting notion specific mode action this chemical. This provides insights into toxicological mechanisms induced can help evaluation risks life TRWP.