Bioconcentration, biotransformation, and transcriptomic impact of the UV-filter 4-MBC in the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169178
• Publication Date: 2023-12-10T02:14:22Z
• Authors: Nieves R. Colás-Ruiz; Marina G. Pintado...; Melania Santonocito; Barbara Salerno; Federico Tonini; Pablo A. Lara-Martín; Miriam Hampel
• Keywords: Ruditapes; Bioconcentration; Biotransformation

Ultraviolet filters (UV-filters) are compounds extensively used in personal care products. These produced at increasing rates and discharged into marine ecosystems unknown quantities with no regulation, making them emerging contaminants. Among those, the UV-filter 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is a variety of products such as sunscreens, soaps, or lipsticks. This high consumption has resulted its presence various environmental matrices concentrations ranging from ng to μg L−1. Very little known, however, about possible adverse effects exposed non-target organisms. Our study presents novel data on bioconcentration, toxicokinetics, molecular 4-MBC bivalve species commercial interest, Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam). Organisms were two different (1.34 10.79 L−1) for 7 days, followed by 3-day depuration period (clean sea waters). Bioconcentration factors (BCF) 3562 2229 L kg−1 low exposure concentrations, respectively, this pollutant bioaccumulative according REACH criteria. Up six biotransformation (BTPs)were identified, 2 first time. Transcriptomic analysis revealed between 658 1310 differently expressed genes (DEGs) after exposure. Functional enrichment DEGs showed activation detoxification pathway metabolize excrete bioconcentrated 4-MBC, which also involved energy depletion caused an impact metabolism carbohydrates lipids oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Oxidative stress immune response evidenced through cathepsins complement system. Such elucidation mode action ubiquitous level valuable both point view sustainable production Manila clam, one most cultivated mollusk worldwide.