PFAS, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs and extractable organic fluorine in bio-based fertilizers, amended soils and plants: Exposure assessment and temporal trends

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177347
• Publication Date: 2024-11-16T21:09:16Z
• Authors: Nicolas Estoppey; Emma R. Knight; Ian J. Allan; Kuria Ndungu; Gøril Aasen Slinde; Jan Thomas Rundbe...; Kari Ylivainio; Alicia Hernandez-...; Erlend Sørmo; Hans Peter H. Arp; Gerard Cornelissen
• Keywords: Sewage sludge; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) produced from organic waste contribute to closed-loop nutrient cycles and circular agriculture. However, persistent contaminants, such as per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), well polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be present in or formed during valorization processes. Consequently, these hazardous may introduced into agricultural soils the food chain via BBFs. This study assessed exposure of 84 target extractable fluorine (EOF) 19 BBFs different types waste, including industrial sewage sludge, biowaste, through various methods, hygienization at low temperatures (<150 °C) pyrolysis incineration elevated (150-900 °C). The concentrations (ΣPFOS & PFOA: <30 μg kg