Development of a simple and rapid screening method for the detection of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine in forensic samples

• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122597
• Publication Date: 2021-06-08T15:34:53Z
• Authors: Weberson P. Silva; Raquel G. Rocha; Luciano C. Arantes; Camila D. Lima; Larissa M.A. Melo; Rodrigo A.A. Munoz; Wallans T.P. dos ...; Eduardo M. Richter
• Keywords: Piperazine; Mephedrone; Designer drug; Drugs of abuse; Drug Detection; Supporting electrolyte

1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP) is a synthetic drug with hallucinogenic effects that has often been found in seized samples. In this context, easy to use point-of-care tests can be of great value in preliminary forensic analysis. Herein, we proposed a simple, fast, and portable electrochemical method for the detection of mCPP in seized samples. The method is based on the use of disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and rapid screening procedures by square-wave voltammetry using minimal sample sizes (100 μL). mCPP showed an irreversible electrochemical oxidation process at +0.65 V on SPCE (vs Ag) using 0.04 mol L-1 Britton Robinson (BR) buffer solution (pH 7) as the supporting electrolyte. The proposed method exhibited a linear correlation (r = 0.998) between peak current and mCPP concentration in the range of 1-30 μmol L-1 (LOD = 0.1 μmol L-1). Interference studies were performed for adulterants and other classes of drugs of abuse, which can also be found in seized samples containing mCPP, such as caffeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 1-benzylpiperazine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylone, mephedrone, ethylone and 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. The developed method presents great potential as a rapid and simple screening tool to detect mCPP in forensic samples.