Virus-like particle-based multipathogen vaccine of FMD and SVA elicits balanced and broad protective efficacy in mice and pigs

• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.092
• Publication Date: 2024-05-06T12:21:06Z
• Authors: Hetao Song; Sahibzada Waheed ...; Shuanghui Yin; Hu Dong; Yun Zhang; Shuzhen Tan; Manyuan Bai; Yaozhong Ding; Zhidong Teng; Shiqi Sun; Huichen Guo
• Keywords: Virus-like particle; Heterologous

Inactivated vaccines lack the capability to serologically differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals, thereby impeding effective eradication of pathogen. Conversely, based on virus-like particles (VLPs) emulate natural viruses in both size antigenic structure, presenting a promising alternative overcome these limitations. As complexity swine infectious diseases increases, increase vaccine types doses may intensify stress response. This exacerbation can lead diminished productivity, failure immunization, elevated costs. Given critical dynamics co-infection clinically indistinguishable symptoms associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) senecavirus A (SVA), there is dire need for an efficacious intervention. To address challenges, we developed combined composed three distinct VLPs, specifically designed target SVA FMDV serotypes O A. Our research demonstrates that this trivalent VLP induces antigen-specific robust serum antibody responses, comparable those produced by respective monovalent vaccines. Moreover, immune sera from strongly neutralized type O, SVA, neutralization titers individual vaccines, indicating high level immunogenic compatibility among components. Importantly, VLPs vaccines-immunized conferred efficient protection against single or mixed infections pigs. In contrast, could only protect pigs homologous not heterologous challenges. study presents novel candidate FMD provides new insights development combination other viral diseases.