Integrative proteomics identifies a conserved Aβ amyloid responsome, novel plaque proteins, and pathology modifiers in Alzheimer’s disease

• DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101669
• Publication Date: 2024-08-09T14:40:42Z
• Authors: Yona Levites; Eric B. Dammer; Yong Ran; Wangchen Tsering; Duc Duong; Measho Abreha; Joshna Gadhavi; Kiara Lolo; Jorge Trejo-Lopez; Jennifer Phillips; Andrea Iturbe; Aya Erquizi; Brenda D. Moore; Danny Ryu; Aditya Natu; Kristy Dillon; Jose Torrellas; Corey Moran; Thomas Ladd; Farhana Afroz; Tariful Islam; Jaishree Jagirdar; Cory C. Funk; Max Robinson; Srikant Rangaraju; David R. Borchelt; Nilüfer Ertekin-T...; Jeffrey W. Kelly; Frank L. Heppner; Erik C.B. Johnson; Karen McFarland; Allan I. Levey; Stefan Prokop; Nicholas T. Seyfried; Todd E. Golde
• Keywords: Proteomics; Male; Proteome; metabolism [Amyloid beta-Peptides]; genetics [Alzheimer Disease]; Plaque, Amyloid; Mice, Transgenic; genetics [Carrier Proteins]; Article; pathology [Alzheimer Disease]; Mice; proteomics; pathology [Brain]; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; ddc:610; pathology [Plaque, Amyloid]; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Pleiotrophin; Midkine; aggregation; metabolism [Cytokines]; amyloid; Brain; metabolism [Proteome]; plaques; metabolism [Plaque, Amyloid]; animal models; metabolism [Brain]; pleiotrophin; Cytokines; methods [Proteomics]; Carrier Proteins; Alzheimer’s disease; metabolism [Alzheimer Disease]; metabolism [Carrier Proteins]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that develops over decades. AD brain proteomics reveals vast alterations in protein levels and numerous altered biologic pathways. Here, we compare AD brain proteome and network changes with the brain proteomes of amyloid β (Aβ)-depositing mice to identify conserved and divergent protein networks with the conserved networks identifying an Aβ amyloid responsome. Proteins in the most conserved network (M42) accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), and/or dystrophic neuronal processes, and overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), increases the accumulation of Aβ in plaques and CAA. M42 proteins bind amyloid fibrils in vitro, and MDK and PTN co-accumulate with cardiac transthyretin amyloid. M42 proteins appear intimately linked to amyloid deposition and can regulate amyloid deposition, suggesting that they are pathology modifiers and thus putative therapeutic targets. We posit that amyloid-scaffolded accumulation of numerous M42+ proteins is a central mechanism mediating downstream pathophysiology in AD.