The multifaceted functions of long non-coding RNAHOTAIRin neuropathologies and its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic biotarget

• DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.11
• Publication Date: 2024-04-29T10:28:41Z
• Authors: Faraz Ahmad; Ravi Sudesh; Atheeq Toufeeq Ahmed; Mohanapriya Arumugam; Darin Mansor Mathkor; Shafiul Haque
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; 03 medical and health sciences; Humans; Animals; RNA, Long Noncoding; Review; Glioma; Nervous System Diseases; Prognosis; Biomarkers; Epigenesis, Genetic

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are progressively being perceived as prominent molecular agents controlling multiple aspects of neuronal (patho)physiology. Amongst these is the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, often abbreviated asHOTAIR.HOTAIRepigenetically regulates its target genes via its interaction with two different chromatin-modifying agents; histone methyltransferase polycomb-repressive complex 2 and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Parenthetically,HOTAIRelicits trans-acting sponging function against multiple micro-RNA species. Oncological research studies have confirmed the pathogenic functions ofHOTAIRin multiple cancer types, such as gliomas and proposed it as a pro-oncological lncRNA. In fact, its expression has been suggested to be a predictor of the severity/grade of gliomas, and as a prognostic biomarker. Moreover, a propound influence ofHOTAIRin other aspects of brain heath and disease states is just beginning to be unravelled. The objective of this review is to recapitulate all the relevant data pertaining to the regulatory roles ofHOTAIRin neuronal (patho)physiology. To this end, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms ofHOTAIRin multiple neuronal diseases, such as neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we also summarize the results from the studies incriminatingHOTAIRin the pathogeneses of gliomas and other brain cancers. Implications ofHOTAIRserving as a suitable therapeutic target in neuropathologies are also discussed.