Shallow mixing layers over hydraulically smooth bottom in a tilted open channel
shear layer turbulence
Supplementary Data
Mechanical Engineering
Applied Mathematics
0208 environmental biotechnology
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610
river dynamics
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Condensed Matter Physics
QC Physics
Mechanics of Materials
[PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]
QC
shallow water flows
DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2022.818
Publication Date:
2022-11-08T10:25:42Z
AUTHORS (3)
ABSTRACT
Shallow mixing layers (SMLs) behind a splitter plate were studied in a tilted rectangular open-channel flume for a range of flow depths and the initial shear parameter
${\lambda = (U_{2}-U_{1})/(U_{2}+U_{1})}$
, where
$U_1$
and
$U_2$
are streamwise velocities of the slow and fast streams, respectively. The main focus of the study is on (i) key parameters controlling the time-averaged SMLs; and (ii) the emergence and spatial development of Kelvin–Helmholtz coherent structures (KHCSs) and large- and very-large-scale motions (LSMs and VLSMs) and associated turbulence statistics. The time-averaged flow features of the SMLs are mostly controlled by bed-friction length scale
$h/c_f$
and shear parameter
$\lambda$
as well as by time-averaged spanwise velocities
$V$
and momentum fluxes
$UV$
, where
$h$
and
$c_f$
are flow depth and bed-friction coefficient, respectively. For all studied cases, the effect of shear layer turbulence on the SML growth is comparatively weak, as the fluxes
$UV$
dominate over the spanwise turbulent fluxes. Initially, the emergence of KHCSs and their length scales largely depend on
$\lambda$
. The KHCSs cannot form if
${\lambda \lessapprox 0.3}$
and the turbulence behind the splitter plate resembles that of free mixing layers. Further downstream, shear layer turbulence becomes dependent on the bed-friction number
$S = c_f \delta _v /(4 h \lambda )$
, where
$\delta _v$
is vorticity thickness. When
$S \gtrapprox 0.01$
, the KHCSs are longitudinally stretched and the scaled transverse turbulent fluxes decrease with increasing
$S$
. The presence and streamwise development of LSMs/VLSMs away from the splitter plate depends on the
$\lambda$
-value, particularly when
$\lambda > 0.3$
, resembling LSMs/VLSMs in conventional open-channel flows when
$\lambda$
is small.
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