The effects of pre-retirement factors and retirement route on circumstances in retirement: findings from the Whitehall II study

• DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x03001624
• Publication Date: 2004-03-03T09:31:23Z
• Authors: MARTIN HYDE; JANE FERRIE; PAUL HIGGS; GILL MEIN; JAMES NAZROO
• Keywords: Retirement age

Retirement has traditionally been seen as the beginning of old age. It depicted mandatory expulsion from workforce and to mark transition a period ill health poverty. Such ideas associations are however being challenged in developed world by socio-demographic changes retirement People United Kingdom elsewhere living longer healthier lives, many older people have access non-state incomes that afford them reasonable standard retirement. There is still concern inequalities persist into Data two waves British Whitehall II study used assess relative effects occupational grade, psychological general during working life, patterns or pathways on activities, attitudes income The results show majority sample reported good health, financial security overall satisfaction with but observable inequalities. Regression analyses demonstrate pre-retirement circumstances generally had greater effect later life than route pathway. no represents drastic break between post-work rather, suggest, there continuities periods. concluded main causes work-based rather itself.