Spherical Mesoporous Materials from Single to Multilevel Architectures

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00357
• Publication Date: 2019-09-19T18:27:35Z
• Authors: Pengpeng Qiu; Bing Ma; Chin-Te Hung; Wei Li; Dongyuan Zhao
• Keywords: Conformable matrix

Mesoporous materials with various structures have attracted considerable attention due to their distinctive properties such as large pore sizes, high surface areas, tunable structures, and controllable framework compositions. Among them, spherical mesoporous (SMMs) are of great interest owing the unique shape, which show closed packing nature lowest energy. The open mesopores short channels SMMs not only increase density accessible active sites but also facilitate mass diffusion length. These characteristics particularly useful for applications in catalysis, adsorption, energy storage conversion, biomedicine, so on. In addition, creation a shape is conformable law natural selection because objects tend minimize energy, while sphere one most perfect matter structures. Therefore, design synthesis very important from both fundamental technological viewpoints. Compared simple single-level, more complex multilevel inevitably bring unusual mechanical, electrical, optical properties, highly desired practical applications. For example, construction core-shell structured has inspired they can combine multiple components into functional unit, exhibiting ameliorated or new physicochemical cannot be obtained isolated one. presence hollow cavity yolk-shell structure allows sufficient exposure core maintaining protective ability shell, conducive retaining distance-dependent core. Multishelled consisting two shells expected superior activities compared bulk counterparts interfaces compartmentation environments provided. single represent class advanced nanostructured fascinating properties. this Account, we highlight progresses on architectures. synthetic strategies been summarized categorized (i) modified Stöber method, (ii) hydrothermal strategy, (iii) biphase stratification approach, (iv) nanoemulsion assembly (v) evaporation induced aggregating (EIAA) (vi) confined self-assembly strategy. Special emphasis placed principles underlying mechanisms precise control over particle functionalities well different levels Moreover, implementation performances drug delivery, related fields highlighted. Finally, opportunities challenges future development terms proposed.