Polymorphic Transition in Traditional Energetic Materials: Influencing Factors and Effects on Structure, Property, and Performance

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00233
• Publication Date: 2020-03-24T19:51:04Z
• Authors: Rupeng Bu; Hongzhen Li; Chaoyang Zhang
• Keywords: Pentaerythritol tetranitrate; Energetic material; Detonation velocity; Crystal (programming language); Recrystallization (geology)

Polymorphism is universal in energetic materials, and polymorphic transformation (PT) causes variations the structure, properties, performance. This article reviews polymorphs of six traditional compounds (ECs), including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), 2,2-dinitroethylene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7), PT-induced molecular packing structures energies, crystal morphology, sensitivity detonation performance, defects, as well factors influencing PT strategies for controlling PT. In all determined experimentally, there a small difference volume, whereas large can appear conformation, intermolecular distance, pattern, density, sensitivity, Moreover, addition to temperature pressure, quality additive seriously affect addition, recrystallization, coatings, additives are available control Finally, some issues raised, such determination new at high clarifying boundary mechanism, considering extremes understanding an EC, paying attention newly thriving cocrystals ionic salts.