Real-World Emission Characteristics of Full-Volatility Organics Originating from Nonroad Agricultural Machinery during Agricultural Activities

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02619
• Publication Date: 2023-07-08T03:04:31Z
• Authors: Xianbao Shen; Hongqian Che; Zhiliang Yao; Bobo Wu; Tiantian Lv; Wenhan Yu; Xinyue Cao; Xuewei Hao; Xin Li; Hanyu Zhang; Xiaolong Yao
• Keywords: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Volatile Organic Compounds; 13. Climate action; 11. Sustainability; Pesticides; 7. Clean energy; Vehicle Emissions

Nonroad agricultural machinery (NRAM) emissions constitute a significant source of air pollution in China. Full-volatility organics originating from 19 machines under 6 activities were measured synchronously. The diesel-based emission factors (EFs) for full-volatility 4.71 ± 2.78 g/kg fuel (average standard deviation), including 91.58 8.42% volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 7.94 8.16% intermediate-volatility (IVOCs), 0.28 0.20% semivolatile (SVOCs), and 0.20 0.16% low-volatility (LVOCs). EFs significantly reduced by stricter standards the highest pesticide spraying activity. Our results also demonstrated that combustion efficiency was potential factor influencing emissions. Gas-particle partitioning could be affected multiple factors. Furthermore, estimated secondary aerosol formation based on 143.79 216.80 mg/kg primarily attributed to higher-volatility-interval IVOCs (bin12-bin16 contributed 52.81 11.58%). Finally, NRAM China (2021) 94.23 Gg. This study provides first-hand data facilitate improvement inventories atmospheric chemistry models.