Furthering the Capabilities of Diffusive-Gradient Passive Samplers for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c14136
• Publication Date: 2025-05-08T17:35:12Z
• Authors: Jarod Snook; Jitka Becanova; Simon Vojta; Rainer Lohmann
• Keywords: Concentration gradient

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical pollutants of growing concern for many stakeholders. Due to their ubiquity, persistence in the environment, potential toxicity at low environmental concentrations, it is necessary have convenient reliable methods measure PFAS natural waters. Passive sampling (in situ preconcentration PFAS) may be suitable monitoring situations. One passive design successfully employed other, well studied contaminants (e.g., methylmercury) diffusive gradient thin film sampler (DGT). However, application DGT requires development validation. Here, we iterate on previous PFAS-DGT studies by introducing a redesigned water show that reliably measures 25 water, consistent with diffusion theory. Diffusion whole-sampler uptake rates consistently agreed model predictions within ±50% relative difference, including when tested cold temperature (5 °C). In field laboratory deployments, samplers measured concentrations ±23% grab sample results average each case─better performance than codeployed microporous polyethylene tube samplers. Based evidence this study, promising tool accurately passively