Green Algae as Carriers Enhance the Bioavailability of 14C-Labeled Few-Layer Graphene to Freshwater Snails

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05796
• Publication Date: 2017-12-28T15:45:04Z
• Authors: Yu Su; Xin Tong; Chi Huang; Jiani Chen; Sijin Liu; Shixiang Gao; Liang Mao; Baoshan Xing
• Keywords: 571; Chlorophyta; Snails; Animals; Biological Availability; Fresh Water; Graphite; Filaggrin Proteins; 01 natural sciences; 6. Clean water; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences

The waterborne exposure of graphene to ecological receptors has received much attention; however, little is known about the contribution food bioaccumulation potential graphene. We investigated effect algal on uptake and distribution 14C-labeled few-layer (FLG) in freshwater snails, a favorite for Asian people. In water-only system, FLG (∼158 μg/L) was ingested by accumulated snails. Adding algae water significantly enhanced accumulation with factor 2.7 (48 h exposure). Approximately 92.5% retained intestine; particular, intestine able pass through intestinal wall enter epithelial cells. Of them, 1.3% subsequently transferred/internalized liver/hepatocytes, process that not observed absence algae. Characterizations data further suggested both extra- intracellular (the algae-bound fraction 30.2%) contributed bioaccumulation. Our results provide first evidence as carriers bioavailability well human beings consuming contaminated